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Niebla homaleoides
''Niebla homaleoides '' is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks within a narrow region of the foggy Pacific Coast of Baja California in the Northern Vizcaíno Desert, Arroyo Sauces, Punta Cono and ridges south of Punta Negra.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Bot. Misc. 14〕 The epithet, ''homaleoides'' is in reference to the similarity to ''Niebla homalea''.
==Distinguishing Features==
''Niebla homaleoides'' is characterized by a rigid thallus divided into sub() mostly strap-shaped branches spreading from a holdfast, to 8 cm high, and by the absence of lichen substances except usnic acid and an unknown suspected to be a scabrosin derivative. The species is best identified by chromatography such as high-performance liquid chromatography or thin-layer chromatography.〔 The cortex generally resembles that of ''Niebla cornea'', whereas comb-like branchlets on some thalli are similar to those of ''Niebla josecuervoi''.〔 Other thalli that have flattened branches are similar to ''Niebla flabellata''.〔 Pycnidia〔Pycnidium (pycnidia plural) is a small flash-shaped structure (300–450 µm wide near the base in ''N. homaleoides'') that produces conidia, which escape through an opening (ostiole) at the top and function in reproduction, asexually or sexually〕〔Bungartz, F. 2002. Morphology and anatomy of conidia-producing structures, Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert 1: 35–40〕 are prominent on the upper parts of branches, and appear to be among the largest in the genus, but comparative measurements are not available for all species of ''Niebla''.〔
''Niebla homaleoides'' is related to the depsidone species within the genus by the absence of triterpenes, most closely to salazinic-acid species by the presence of an unknown, possibly scabrosin derivative.〔 This lichen chemotype is found in the related ''Niebla flabellata'', ''Niebla josecuervoi'', and ''Niebla marinii''.〔 Scabrosin esters isolated from the lichen ''Xanthoparmelia scabrosa'' have shown activity against human tumor cell lines at nanomolar concentrations.〔Moerman K. L., C. L. Chai and P. Waring. 2003. Evidence that the lichen-derived scabrosin esters target mitochondrial ATP synthase in P388D1 cells. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 190(3): 232–240.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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